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FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 03, 2010

THE "END" OF GLOBALIZATION

Hogan

2008-11-25 21:47:07

Politics & News

Seeing that nobody has written anything here about the ongoing "global economic meltdown", as it's being called, I thought I'd offer some quick thoughts about it to, perhaps, get a ball rolling.

By "end" I don't just mean "the ending" of something in time. I mean "end" as in the end to which the means are directed. The goal, the culmination, the fulfillment, the underlying or overarching purpose, objective, or meaning of something. What the point is. The reason for the thing in the first place. That's what I mean by "end".

So, by the "end" of globalization I mean not only that globalization is over - done with, in terms of linear time - but that the worldwide financial crisis, and all the emergency government bailouts it makes necessary, is, apparently, the goal, the culmination, the fulfillment of globalization.

In his 2005 book, The Collapse of Globalism and the Reinvention of the World, Canadian philosopher John Ralston Saul points out how the grand theory of globalization, which got going in the early 1970s, is just one of many economic theories that have come and gone, and that globalism has now officially gone.

Before the era of globalization - which Saul says officially died in 1999, when national governments started to assert themselves again, rejecting the globalist orthodoxy of open markets unfettered by nation-state regulation - there was the era of Keynesian economics, which advocated a strong role for governments in the economic cycle. Governments are to "prime the pump" of the economy, rather than let the socalled free-market run itself without any human intervention, as though it possessed a mind of its own (which it doesn't).

Prior to this was another free-market era, which led directly to the stock market crash of 1929 (similar to ours today) and the Depression of the 1930s. To correct this, President Roosevelt famously initiated the "New Deal", a government program to correct the non-self-correctable free market. (How soon we forget: another free market system - globalization - would be in place less than forty years later. And look what's happening.)

Note that government direction does not necessarily mean "protectionism", which die-hard followers of the open-market system always invoke, hoping to scare anyone "foolish" enough to suggest that conscious government action could be a good and necessary thing in stabilizing our economies. In their more desperate moments they'll even accuse those who are for government involvement of being a socialist or communist.

That said, even during periods of "open" and "free" markets, a lot of protectionism goes on, even (or especially) by those that preach the sanctity of the free-market. Worse, foreign aid money for, say, Africa, meant for the AIDS crisis, is often "tied aid", meaning the recipient countries must spend a portion of the money on donor country goods. This is probably the most insidious form of protectionism. But I digress.

Recently, in his administration's dying months ("finally" we say in a collective gasp), George Bush Jr. has been paraphrasing his father, Bush Sr., claiming that "free markets" and "free people" are natural bedfellows. Of course, a quick glance at history shows that capitalism is definitely not a natural enemy of authoritarianism (ask IBM how much money it made off the Holocaust), but capitalist opposition to democracy is too rich and varied a topic to handle here. Just check out the film The Corporation.

So. What is the end of globalization? What is its goal? Its culmination? Well. Just turn on the news. You'll see it there. All the money is gone. Open-markets and the insane obsession with infinite (and therefore impossible) economic growth have led to the economic meltdown that we see in front of us. The largest financial institutions are begging national governments to save their monetary asses. I know this isn't what was meant to happen, according to globalism's architects and adherents. But it is what happened.

In 1989, the year the Berlin Wall came down, Francis Fukuyama, an influential (well, formerly influential) conservative political writer, published his much-since-ridiculed The End of History, and argued that Western economic liberalism had defeated communism in what was said to be the last major ideological battle to be fought in the world. The West was the victor of history. Liberalism and capitalism had conquered all. Globalization shall prevail.

The problem, of course, is that it hadn't. And the world is currently embroiled in hundreds of civil and ethnic wars, not to mention the global "war on terror". So much for Fukuyama.

In the roaring, conservative 1980s, U.S President Ronald Reagan and U.K. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher were staunch allies and vigorous defenders of free-marketism. Thatcher even went so far as to say, as she is often quoted, that society doesn't really exist. Meaning, all society is is a bunch of self-interested individuals competing financially with each other. Therefore, governments should be smaller, and the economy should be bigger. Bigger and bigger and bigger, in fact. Forget community welfare and social justice. All we really are is a pack of consumers. Let the free market reign.

Well, we've seen the "end" of this anti-social (sociopathic, really) nihilistic, competitive individualism, and it's not pretty. Let's hope this really is the end of it.

Our narrow obsession with economics, and our irrational fear of everything government, is, hopefully, at a close. And speaking of "hope", maybe with the election of Barack Obama, who will, after all, become the head of the most powerful force in the history of the world, we'll see a healthier, more society-centered set of government and economic policies and practices emerge. Wouldn't that be a happy "ending"?
Comments

Alamir

Alamir

2008-11-26 01:55:22

I found the "thesis" of your article a bit hard to get through. That was partly because of the long intro on what you meant by the word "end" but also because you didn't actually clarify the question other than a sort of blanket "What does this all mean?" question. Anyway, it came out by the 'end' of it.

To address the actual content of your article: I don't actually see it being the end of anything, nor any real lessons other than some people shouldn't have been allowed to give out unstable loans. As you kind of touched on at the end of your article, the only solution that politicians have been drumming is putting forward something to "stimulate" the economy. Nothing to combat capitalism itself.

By the way, Canada's banking system was rated as the best by the World Economic Forum. USA and Britain fell below the 40th spot. But because of the Bank of Canada's restrictions on our banks giving out shaky loans we're now getting praise for being the wiser. "The global financial crisis could have been avoided if every country had had a banking system like Canada's, the governor of the Bank of Canada said on Saturday." Source: http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE4981X220081009

Hogan

Hogan

2008-11-26 02:25:48

I've been wanting to talk about the word "end" like that for a while now. I thought this was as good a time as any.

As for "combating capitalism", I'm only against totally unregulated capitalism. The unregulated market always falls on its face, bringing down lots else with it. Does not giving out shaky loans qualify as regulation? That's not rhetorical. I'd like to know what you think, because I don't know if that falls under "regulation" or not. If it does, I'd say it strengthens my argument. That is, if my argument is that regulation is needed to stabilize the manic-depressive boom-and-bust cycles of capitalism, which I think it is...

Alamir

Alamir

2008-11-26 03:21:26

It does fall under regulations, definitely. But Canada has been doing exactly that, to my knowledge. They've had really strong regulations (which is why they were getting flack before and praise now for being right).
There's some sentences in your writing that stick out more than others: "Well, we've seen the "end" of this anti-social (sociopathic, really) nihilistic, competitive individualism, and it's not pretty. Let's hope this really is the end of it." That sounds like your asking for more than regulation. And you ended it with asking for a "more society-centered set of government and economic policies and practices emerge." Which felt like you were asking for a lot more socialism than just regulation. I guess my question would then be "How is Canada not regulated?" it's apparently the most regulated ...or maybe you were just addressing an American audience. If the latter is the case, then I can't agree with you more. But I still don't think they'd learnt a lesson in regulation. They want to keep stimulating the economy until there are no solutions left from the looks of it.

Hogan

Hogan

2008-11-26 03:43:55

Yeah. Of course regulation varies from country to country. America is the most dogmatic about its free-markets, even if it doesn't live up to it anti-protectionist rhetoric. And, yes, Canada is in as good shape it is because of its regulation.

I'm not sure how much regulation is too much regulation, or what amount of regulation turns the whole system into "socialism". I guess I'm for the right amount - not too much, not too little - and, of course, clarity and purpose in the regulation, that is, environmental standards and other universally binding structures that keep the market within the bounds of the public good.

It's the absence of regulation at the international level that makes globalization so vicious and exploitive. Ralston Saul often points out the irony of how commentators talk about the triumph of democracy (with capitalism implicitly attached), and at the same time, the decline of the nation-state, forgetting that modern democracy has only ever existed within the bounds of the nation-state.

With globalization, national governments were encouraged to weaken their regulations in the name of "competition", and hop into the state of nature that is the unregulated, open-market system. By state of nature I mean system without mutual restraints. Without restraints, players are forced to fend for themselves, get what they can, without regard for, you know, the little things like human rights and reasonable profit (as opposed to absolutely maximized profit at any cost, environmental or human) because somebody else might get there first. The free-market is a dog-eat-dog.

What we should have done is put in place, on the international level, something like the democratic rights that are built into nation-states (flawed though they are) so that unlimited profit doesn't trump basic human rights and environmental conservation.



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